Characteristic Angles; Main Operational Components Of The Machine; Toe; Camber - SICE A98 Manuel D'instructions

CHARACTERISTIC ANGLES

1) TOE (Figures 16 and 17)
Toe is the angle between the equatorial plane of the wheel and the axis of symmetry or the
thrust axis of the vehicle.
The axis of symmetry is an imaginary line that divides the car into two halves longitudinally; the
thrust axis is the direction of travel of the rear axle.
The unit of measurement for toe values is degrees or millimetres (or inches).
2) CAMBER or inclination (Fig. 18)
Camber is the angle between the equatorial plane of the wheel and the vertical plane; camber is
positive when the upper part of the wheel is angled away from the vehicle.
The unit of measurement for camber values is degrees.
3) ) CASTER (Fig. 19)
Caster is the angle formed between the vertical and an imaginary extension from the steering
axis on the longitudinal plane of the vehicle (longitudinal upright angle).
Caster is measured with the wheels turned through 10° or 20°.
The unit of measurement for caster is degrees.
4) KING PIN angle (Fig. 20)
This is the angle formed between the vertical and the extension of the steering axis on the
transverse plane of the vehicle (transverse upright angle).
The king pin angle is measured with the wheels turned through 10° or 20°.
The unit of measurement is degrees.
5) Steering angle difference TOE-OUT ON TURN (Fig. 21 )
Steering angle toe difference on the front wheels. The angle is conventionally measured with
the wheel on the inside of the curve turned through 20°.
The unit of measurement is degrees.
6) SET BACK or misalignment of wheels on the same axle (Fig. 22)
This measurement shows the difference in position of one wheel with respect to the other on the
perpendicular of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
Set back is measured on the front and rear axles of the vehicle; although rear set-back must not
be confused with the thrust angle.
The unit of measurement is degrees.
7) THRUST ANGLE(Fig. 23 )
This is the angle formed between the axis of symmetry of the vehicle and the direction of travel
of the rear axle.
The unit of measurement is degrees.

MAIN OPERATIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE MACHINE

WARNING
Get to know your machine. The best way to prevent accidents and obtain top performance
from the machine is to ensure that all operators know how the machine works.
Learn the function and location of all commands.
Carefully check that all the commands on the machine are working properly.
To avoid accidents and injury, the machine must be installed properly, operated correctly
and serviced regularly.
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