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Urge Incontinence
Describes an overactive bladder. A
person may experience a strong
and sudden urge to go to the toilet
but are not always able to hold on,
or must go so frequently that it
becomes inconvenient.
Mixed Incontinence
Is a combination of both Stress and
Urge Incontinence.

6. PERIOD PAIN

Painful periods are common in
teenagers and young adults.
Most women have some pain during
periods. The pain is often mild but, in
about 5 in 10 women, the pain is
severe enough to affect day-to-day
activities. The pain can be so severe
that they are unable to go to school
or work.
Period pain generally falls into two
categories: primary dysmenorrhea
and secondary dysmenorrhea.
Primary
dysmenorrhoea has
specific cause yet is the most
common type of painful periods
affecting 9 out of 10 women. It
occurs where there is no underlying
problem of the womb (uterus) or
pelvis. The main symptom is a
cramping type of pain in the lower
tummy (abdomen); it may in some
cases spread to the lower back, or
to the top of the legs. Pains are
generally worst in the first few years
after starting your period, with
symptoms tending to improve with
age or after childbirth.
Secondary dysmenorrhoea is less
common and is more likely to occur
in women in their 30s and 40s. It is
caused by a specific underlying
condition such as endometriosis
(when cells that normally line the
uterus are found at other sites in the
body – usually the ovaries and
fallopian tubes). Again, the main
symptom is cramping pain in the
lower tummy during your periods. In
some
women
dysmenorrhoea
several days before the period
begins and lasts all the way through
the period. (This is uncommon with
primary dysmenorrhoea).
With secondary dysmenorrhoea it is
likely to have other symptoms - for
example:
• Irregular periods.
• Bleeding between periods.
• Pains between periods.
• The bleeding becomes heavier
no
than previously.
• Vaginal discharge.
• Pain during sex.
• Pain
(rectum).
Secondary
occur as a result of:
• Endometriosis/adenomyosis.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease.
12
with
secondary
the
pain
in
your
back
dysmenorrhoea
starts
passage
may

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