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c) Lithium battery pack can be composed with parallel and series circuits mixed. You have to check the
composition of the battery pack carefully before charging.
d) Be sure all the connections firm and safe, on intermittent contact at any point in the circuit.
gEnEraL notES on opErating it
charging
A specific quantity of electrical energy is fed into the battery during charge process. The charge quantity
is calculated by multiplying charge current by charge time. The maximum permissible charge current
varies according to the battery type or its performance, and can be found in the information provided by
the battery manufacturer. It is only allowed to charge batteries at rates higher than the standard charge
current if they are expressly stated to be capable of quick-charge.
Connect the battery to charge to output terminal of the charger using suitable charge lead. They are red,
positive (+) and black, negative (-). Since the charger cannot detect the difference between the internal
resistance of the battery pack, cable resistance and connector transfer resistance, the first requirement
if the charger to work properly is that the charge lead should be of adequate conductor cross-section. And
also high-quality connectors (normally gold-contact type) must be fitted to both ends.
Refer to the information provided by the battery manufacturer regarding charging methods, and verify the
recommended charge current and charge time. Especially for Lithium batteries, you have to follow the
charge instruction provided by the manufacturer strictly.
Do not attempt to disassemble the battery pack arbitrarily.
You have to pay attention to verify the capacity and the voltage of the Lithium battery pack. It may be
composed of parallel and series connection mixed. In parallel link the capacity of the battery pack is multiplied
by the number of cells but the voltage remains same. That kind of voltage imbalance causes a fire or explosion
during charge process. We recommend you compose the Lithium battery pack in series only.
Discharge
The typical purpose of discharge is to determine the residual capacity of the battery, or to lower the voltage
of battery to a defined level. When you discharge the battery you also have to pay attention on the process
same as charging. To avoid the battery becoming deep-discharged, set the final discharge voltage correctly.
Lithium batteries should not be deep-discharged to lower than the minimum voltage, as this leads to a rapid
loss of capacity or a total failure. Generally, you do not need to discharge Lithium battery voluntarily.
Some rechargeable batteries are said to have a memory effect. If they are partly used and recharged
before the whole charge is drawn out, they "remember" this and next time will only use that part of their
capacity. This is a "memory effect". NiCd and NiMH batteries are said to suffer from memory effect.
They prefer complete cycles; fully charge then use until empty, do not recharge before storage—allow
them to self-discharge during storage. NiMH batteries have less memory effect than NiCd.
The Lithium battery prefers a partial rather than a full discharge. Frequent full discharges should be
avoided if possible. Instead, charge the battery more often or use a larger battery.
The brand-new NiCd battery pack is partially useful with its capacity until it has been subjected to 10
or more charge cycles in any case. The cyclic process of charge and discharge will lead to optimize the
capacity of battery pack.
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