Sharp PW-E560 Manuel De Fonctionnement page 45

-ise or ize?
t is certainly Many verbs end with the suffix –ize or ise. The form –ize has been in use in
glish spelling English since the 16th century, and, despite what some people think, is not an
ntury, as Americanism. The alternative form –ise is found more commonly in British than in
nd 17th American English. For most verbs of this class either –ize or –ise is acceptable; this
eare and the dictionary has used –ize spellings, with –ise given as an equally correct, alternative
n Chaucer spelling. For some words, however, -ise is obligatory: first, where it forms part of a
s, but spelling larger word element, such as –mise (= sending) in compromise, and –prise (=
taking) in surprise; and second, in verbs corresponding to nouns with –s- in the
stem, such as advertise and televise.
. The
onary of the
Hyphenation
ch, with only
Although standard spelling in English is fixed, the use of hyphenation is not. In
. The complex
standard English a few general rules are followed, and these are outlined below.
ng body
anomalies in Hyphenation of noun compounds: There is no hard-and-fast rule saying whether,
for example, airstream, air stream, or air-stream is correct. All forms are found in
use: all are recorded in the Oxford English Corpus and other standard texts.
ling,
However, there is a broad tendency to avoid hyphenation for noun compounds in
difficulty for
modern English (except when used to show grammatical function: see below). Thus
there is, for example, a preference for airstream rather than air-stream and for air
raid rather than air-raid. Although this is a tendency in both British and US English
there is an additional preference in US English for the form to be one word and in
is always the
British English for the form to be two words, e.g. buck tooth tends to be the
US spelling
commonest form in British English, while bucktooth tends to be the commonest
its alphabeti-
form in US English. To save space and avoid confusion, only one of the three
examples,
potential forms of each noun compound (the standard British one) is used as the
headword form in the Oxford Dictionary of English . This does not, however, imply
re cross-
that other forms are incorrect or not used.
entry. For
Grammatical function: Hyphens are also used to perform certain grammatical
functions. When a noun compound made up of two separate words (e.g. credit
card) is placed before another noun and used to modify it, the general rule is that
the noun compound becomes hyphenated, e.g. I used my credit card but credit-card
debt . This sort of regular alternation is seen in example sentences in the Oxford
Dictionary of English but is not otherwise explicitly mentioned in the dictionary
entries.
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