M Anual; T Echnology - Kinetico Pro S Série Guide D'utilisation

I. About this Manual
This manual will cover information needed for the proper installation and operation of your S-Series Commercial Reverse
Osmosis System. We have also included information regarding the frequently asked questions about reverse osmosis
systems. This information may be more technical in nature, but provides further insight to the continued operation of this
equipment to its highest standards.
This manual will use various icons to help highlight issues that are relevant to the safe operation of this equipment. The
following icons will be used as described:
A caution icon will be used to present any information that may hold a potential hazard or concern during the
installation, use or maintenance of this product. Should this information not be followed, it may result in
damage of this equipment and its surroundings.
If there are any additional questions pertaining to this equipment, please contact your local KineticoPRO® Dealer for
further assistance.
II. Reverse Osmosis Technology
In the early 1960's, the use of reverse osmosis (RO) began its commercial debut. Before this time, the technology had been
used by the U.S. military for the purification of water for troops. Since its introduction into the market, RO has continued to
gain popularity. RO technology offers the finest level of filtration available. The RO membrane acts as a barrier to dissolved
salts and inorganic molecules, as well as organic molecules with a molecular weight greater than approximately 100. Water
molecules, on the other hand, pass freely through the membrane creating a purified product stream.
The applications for RO are diverse and include desalination of sea water or brackish water for drinking purposes, food and
beverage processing, purification of home drinking water and many others. Utilizing RO prior to Ion Exchange (IX) for the
production of ultra high water qualities dramatically reduces operating costs and regeneration frequency of the IX system.
Pressures associated with RO systems can range from 40 psi for tap water systems to 1,000 psi for sea water desalination
systems.
Concentrated Solution
RO technology is not new. The process of osmosis is actually found in nature and in the human body. In this application
human membranes allow nutrients or waste products to pass in and out of the blood stream. "Semipermeable" means that
the membrane is permeable to some species and not permeable to others.
Most semipermeable membranes allow water to pass through and not other molecules or ions. Figure 1 shows a
concentrated solution will increase in volume as water from the dilute solution permeates through the membrane. In this
fashion, the concentrations on either side of the membrane become equal, even though the volumes are not.
This dilution relationship can be quantified by the rise in the height of the salt solution. This height will increase until the
pressure of the column of water (salt solution) is so high that the force of this water column stops the water flow. The
equilibrium point of this water column height in terms of water pressure against the membrane is called osmotic pressure.
S-Series Technical Manual
Semipermeable Membrane
Dilute Solution
Figure 1
3
Concentrated Solution Dilute Solution