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R&S
RT-ZD40
Active Differential Probe
User Manual
(>:ÃÍ2)
1410.5363.02 ─ 03

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  • Page 1 ® R&S RT-ZD40 Active Differential Probe User Manual (>:ÃÍ2) 1410.5363.02 ─ 03...
  • Page 2 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. Trade names are trademarks of the owners. ® The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S RT-ZD40 is abbreviated as R&S RT- ® ® ZD40. R&S ProbeMeter is abbreviated as R&S ProbeMeter. R&S...
  • Page 3 Basic Safety Instructions All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety. Our products and the auxiliary equipment they require are designed, built and tested in accordance with the safety standards that apply in each case.
  • Page 4 Basic Safety Instructions Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions before and when using the product. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety instructions on personal safety, for example, that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation.
  • Page 5 Basic Safety Instructions Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning Be careful when handling EU labeling for separate collection electrostatic sensitive devices of electrical and electronic devices For additional information, see section "Waste disposal/Environmental protection", item 2. Warning! Laser radiation For additional information, see section "Operation", item 7.
  • Page 6 Basic Safety Instructions Operating states and operating positions The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions specified by the manufacturer, without the product's ventilation being obstructed. If the manufacturer's specifications are not observed, this can result in electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death.
  • Page 7 Basic Safety Instructions 3. Intentionally breaking the protective conductor either in the feed line or in the product itself is not permitted. Doing so can result in the danger of an electric shock from the product. If extension cords or connector strips are implemented, they must be checked on a regular basis to ensure that they are safe to use.
  • Page 8 Basic Safety Instructions 12. If a product is to be permanently installed, the connection between the protective conductor terminal on site and the product's protective conductor must be made first before any other connection is made. The product may be installed and connected only by a licensed electrician.
  • Page 9 Basic Safety Instructions 3. As with all industrially manufactured goods, the use of substances that induce an allergic reaction (allergens) such as nickel cannot be generally excluded. If you develop an allergic reaction (such as a skin rash, frequent sneezing, red eyes or respiratory difficulties) when using a Rohde &...
  • Page 10 Basic Safety Instructions  Class B equipment: Equipment suitable for use in residential environments and environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings Repair and service 1. The product may be opened only by authorized, specially trained personnel. Before any work is performed on the product or before the product is opened, it must be disconnected from the AC supply network.
  • Page 11 Basic Safety Instructions 6. Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that contain alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells) can cause explosions. Replace cells or batteries only with the matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see parts list) in order to ensure the safety of the product. 7.
  • Page 12 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales 3. If products or their components are mechanically and/or thermally processed in a manner that goes beyond their intended use, hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust such as lead, beryllium, nickel) may be released. For this reason, the product may only be disassembled by specially trained personnel. Improper disassembly may be hazardous to your health.
  • Page 13 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida. Este producto está destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio o, si ha sido expresamente autorizado, para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deberá...
  • Page 14 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Señalización de seguridad de los productos Las siguientes señales de seguridad se utilizan en los productos para advertir sobre riesgos y peligros. Símbolo Significado Símbolo Significado Aviso: punto de peligro general Tensión de alimentación de PUESTA EN MARCHA / PARADA Observar la documentación del producto Atención en el manejo de...
  • Page 15 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Palabras de señal y su significado En la documentación del producto se utilizan las siguientes palabras de señal con el fin de advertir contra riesgos y peligros. Indica una situación de peligro que, si no se evita, causa lesiones graves o incluso la muerte.
  • Page 16 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento El producto solamente debe ser utilizado según lo indicado por el fabricante respecto a los estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento sin que se obstruya la ventilación. Si no se siguen las indicaciones del fabricante, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte.
  • Page 17 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales 2. Los productos de la clase de protección I con alimentación móvil y enchufe individual solamente podrán enchufarse a tomas de corriente con contacto de seguridad y con conductor de protección conectado. 3. Queda prohibida la interrupción intencionada del conductor de protección, tanto en la toma de corriente como en el mismo producto.
  • Page 18 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales 10. Para la conexión con dispositivos informáticos como un PC o un ordenador industrial, debe comprobarse que éstos cumplan los estándares IEC60950- 1/EN60950-1 o IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1 válidos en cada caso. 11. A menos que esté permitido expresamente, no retire nunca la tapa ni componentes de la carcasa mientras el producto esté...
  • Page 19 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Funcionamiento 1. El uso del producto requiere instrucciones especiales y una alta concentración durante el manejo. Debe asegurarse que las personas que manejen el producto estén a la altura de los requerimientos necesarios en cuanto a aptitudes físicas, psíquicas y emocionales, ya que de otra manera no se pueden excluir lesiones o daños de objetos.
  • Page 20 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales 7. Los productos con láser están provistos de indicaciones de advertencia normalizadas en función de la clase de láser del que se trate. Los rayos láser pueden provocar daños de tipo biológico a causa de las propiedades de su radiación y debido a su concentración extrema de potencia electromagnética.
  • Page 21 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Baterías y acumuladores o celdas Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones en cuanto a las baterías y acumuladores o celdas, pueden producirse explosiones, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte. El manejo de baterías y acumuladores con electrolitos alcalinos (p.
  • Page 22 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales 2. Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven solamente de ayuda para el transporte del producto por personas. Por eso no está permitido utilizar las asas para la sujeción en o sobre medios de transporte como p. ej. grúas, carretillas elevadoras de horquilla, carros etc.
  • Page 23 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales 4. En caso de que durante el trato del producto se formen sustancias peligrosas o combustibles que deban tratarse como residuos especiales (p. ej. refrigerantes o aceites de motor con intervalos de cambio definidos), deben tenerse en cuenta las indicaciones de seguridad del fabricante de dichas sustancias y las normas regionales de eliminación de residuos.
  • Page 24 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise Lesen und beachten Sie unbedingt die nachfolgenden Anweisungen und Sicherheitshinweise! Alle Werke und Standorte der Rohde & Schwarz Firmengruppe sind ständig bemüht, den Sicherheitsstandard unserer Produkte auf dem aktuellsten Stand zu halten und unseren Kunden ein höchstmögliches Maß an Sicherheit zu bieten. Unsere Produkte und die dafür erforderlichen Zusatzgeräte werden entsprechend der jeweils gültigen Sicherheitsvorschriften gebaut und geprüft.
  • Page 25 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise Die Einhaltung der Sicherheitshinweise dient dazu, Verletzungen oder Schäden durch Gefahren aller Art auszuschließen. Hierzu ist es erforderlich, dass die nachstehenden Sicherheitshinweise vor der Benutzung des Produkts sorgfältig gelesen und verstanden sowie bei der Benutzung des Produkts beachtet werden. Sämtliche weitere Sicherheitshinweise wie z.B.
  • Page 26 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise Symbol Bedeutung Symbol Bedeutung Achtung beim Umgang mit EU - Kennzeichnung für die elektrostatisch gefährdeten getrennte Sammlung von Elektro- Bauelementen und Elektronikgeräten. Elektroaltgeräte dürfen nicht über unsortierten Siedlungsabfall entsorgt werden, sondern müssen getrennt gesammelt werden. Weitere Informationen siehe Seite 11.
  • Page 27 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise Signalworte und ihre Bedeutung Die folgenden Signalworte werden in der Produktdokumentation verwendet, um vor Risiken und Gefahren zu warnen. kennzeichnet eine unmittelbare Gefährdung mit hohem Risiko, die Tod oder schwere Körperverletzung zur Folge haben wird, wenn sie nicht vermieden wird. kennzeichnet eine mögliche Gefährdung mit mittlerem Risiko, die Tod oder (schwere) Körperverletzung zur Folge haben kann, wenn sie nicht vermieden wird.
  • Page 28 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise 2. Stellen Sie das Produkt nicht auf Oberflächen, Fahrzeuge, Ablagen oder Tische, die aus Gewichts- oder Stabilitätsgründen nicht dafür geeignet sind. Folgen Sie bei Aufbau und Befestigung des Produkts an Gegenständen oder Strukturen (z.B. Wände und Regale) immer den Installationshinweisen des Herstellers.
  • Page 29 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise 4. Sofern das Produkt nicht mit einem Netzschalter zur Netztrennung ausgerüstet ist, beziehungsweise der vorhandene Netzschalter zu Netztrennung nicht geeignet ist, so ist der Stecker des Anschlusskabels als Trennvorrichtung anzusehen. Die Trennvorrichtung muss jederzeit leicht erreichbar und gut zugänglich sein. Ist z.B.
  • Page 30 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise 12. Wird ein Produkt ortsfest angeschlossen, ist die Verbindung zwischen dem Schutzleiteranschluss vor Ort und dem Geräteschutzleiter vor jeglicher anderer Verbindung herzustellen. Aufstellung und Anschluss darf nur durch eine Elektrofachkraft erfolgen. 13. Bei ortsfesten Geräten ohne eingebaute Sicherung, Selbstschalter oder ähnliche Schutzeinrichtung muss der Versorgungskreis so abgesichert sein, dass alle Personen, die Zugang zum Produkt haben, sowie das Produkt selbst ausreichend vor Schäden geschützt sind.
  • Page 31 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise 2. Bevor Sie das Produkt bewegen oder transportieren, lesen und beachten Sie den Abschnitt "Transport". 3. Wie bei allen industriell gefertigten Gütern kann die Verwendung von Stoffen, die Allergien hervorrufen - so genannte Allergene (z.B. Nickel) - nicht generell ausgeschlossen werden.
  • Page 32 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise Gerät der Klasse B: Ein Gerät, das sich für den Betrieb im Wohnbereich sowie in solchen Bereichen eignet, die direkt an ein Niederspannungs-Versorgungsnetz angeschlossen sind, das Wohngebäude versorgt. Reparatur und Service 1. Das Produkt darf nur von dafür autorisiertem Fachpersonal geöffnet werden. Vor Arbeiten am Produkt oder Öffnen des Produkts ist dieses von der Versorgungsspannung zu trennen, sonst besteht das Risiko eines elektrischen Schlages.
  • Page 33 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise 5. Bei Undichtheit einer Zelle darf die Flüssigkeit nicht mit der Haut in Berührung kommen oder in die Augen gelangen. Falls es zu einer Berührung gekommen ist, den betroffenen Bereich mit reichlich Wasser waschen und ärztliche Hilfe in Anspruch nehmen. 6.
  • Page 34 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise Entsorgung 1. Batterien bzw. Akkumulatoren, die nicht mit dem Hausmüll entsorgt werden dürfen, darf nach Ende der Lebensdauer nur über eine geeignete Sammelstelle oder eine Rohde & Schwarz-Kundendienststelle entsorgt werden. 2. Am Ende der Lebensdauer des Produktes darf dieses Produkt nicht über den normalen Hausmüll entsorgt werden, sondern muss getrennt gesammelt werden.
  • Page 35 Consignes de sécurité fondamentales Lisez et respectez impérativement les instructions et consignes de sécurité suivantes Les usines et sites du groupe Rohde & Schwarz veillent à la conformité des produits du groupe avec les normes de sécurité en vigueur dans un souci constant de garantir aux clients le plus haut niveau de sécurité...
  • Page 36 Consignes de sécurité fondamentales La stricte observation des consignes de sécurité a pour but d’exclure des blessures ou dommages causés par des dangers de toutes sortes. A cet effet, il est nécessaire de lire avec soin et de bien comprendre les consignes de sécurité ci-dessous avant l’utilisation du produit et de les respecter lors de l’utilisation du produit.
  • Page 37 Consignes de sécurité fondamentales Symbole Signification Symbole Signification Avis : prudence lors de la Marquage UE pour la collecte séparée d’équipements manipulation de composants sensibles aux décharges électriques et électroniques. électrostatiques Les déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques ne peuvent pas être éliminés avec les déchets urbains non triés, mais doivent faire l’objet d’une collecte séparée.
  • Page 38 Consignes de sécurité fondamentales Mots d’alerte et significations Les mots d’alerte suivants sont utilisés dans la documentation produit pour avertir des risques et dangers. Indique une situation dangereuse immédiate qui, si elle n’est pas évitée, comporte un risque élevé de blessures graves ou mortelles.
  • Page 39 Consignes de sécurité fondamentales États et positions de fonctionnement L’appareil ne doit être utilisé que dans les états et positions de fonctionnement indiqués par le fabricant. Tout obstacle à la ventilation doit être empêché. Le non- respect des indications du fabricant peut provoquer des chocs électriques, des incendies et/ou des blessures graves pouvant éventuellement entraîner la mort.
  • Page 40 Consignes de sécurité fondamentales 3. Toute déconnexion intentionnelle du conducteur de protection, dans le câble ou dans le produit lui-même, est interdite. Elle entraîne un risque de choc électrique au niveau du produit. En cas d’utilisation de câbles prolongateurs ou de multiprises, ceux-ci doivent être examinés régulièrement quant à leur état de sécurité...
  • Page 41 Consignes de sécurité fondamentales 10. En cas d’interconnexion avec des équipements informatiques comme par exemple un PC ou un ordinateur industriel, veiller à ce que ces derniers soient conformes aux normes IEC 60950-1 / EN 60950-1 ou IEC 61010-1 / EN 61010-1 en vigueur.
  • Page 42 Consignes de sécurité fondamentales Fonctionnement 1. L’utilisation du produit exige une formation spécifique ainsi qu’une grande concentration. Il est impératif que les personnes qui utilisent le produit présent les aptitudes physiques, mentales et psychiques requises, vu qu’autrement des dommages corporels ou matériels ne peuvent pas être exclus. Le choix du personnel qualifié...
  • Page 43 Consignes de sécurité fondamentales  Appareil de la classe A : Appareil approprié à un usage dans tous les environnements autres que l’environnement résidentiel et les environnements raccordés directement à un réseau d’alimentation basse tension qui alimente des bâtiments résidentiels. Remarque : ces appareils peuvent provoquer des perturbations radioélectriques dans l’environnement résidentiel en raison de perturbations conduites ou rayonnées.
  • Page 44 Consignes de sécurité fondamentales 2. Ne jamais exposer les cellules ou batteries à la chaleur ou au feu. Ne pas les stocker dans un endroit où elles sont exposées au rayonnement direct du soleil. Tenir les cellules et batteries au sec. Nettoyer les raccords sales avec un chiffon sec et propre.
  • Page 45 Consignes de sécurité fondamentales 3. L’utilisation du produit dans un véhicule se fait sous l’unique responsabilité du conducteur qui doit piloter le véhicule de manière sûre et appropriée. Le fabricant décline toute responsabilité en cas d’accidents ou de collisions. Ne jamais utiliser le produit dans un véhicule en mouvement si cela pouvait détourner l’attention du conducteur.
  • Page 46 Instructions - Instrucciones Instructions for Electrostatic Discharge Protection Risk of damaging electronic components To avoid damage of electronic components, the operational site must be protected against electrostatic discharge (ESD). Wrist strap with cord Floor mat Heel strap Ground connection of operational site The following two methods of ESD protection may be used together or separately: , Wrist strap with cord to ground connection...
  • Page 47 Instructions - Instrucciones Instrucciones para la protección contra descargas electroestáticas Riesgo de avería de los componentes electrónicos Para evitar averías en los componentes electrónicos, el área de trabajo tiene que estar protegido contra descargas electroestáticas ESD (elec- trostatic discharge). Muñequera con cordón Estera Talonera Conexión a tierra del...
  • Page 48 Hinweise Hinweise für Schutz vor elektrostatischer Entladung Risiko der Beschädigung elektronischer Bauteile Um die Beschädigung elektronischer Bauteile zu vermeiden, darf das Gerät nur an einem gegen elektrostatische Entladung geschützten Ar- beitsplatz betrieben werden. Handgelenkzuleitung und Armband Erdungsleitung Bodenplatte Arbeitsplatz- Erdungsanschluss Fersenband Zum Schutz vor elektrostatischer Entladung können folgende Methoden getrennt oder kombiniert angewendet werden:...
  • Page 49 Avis Avis relatifs à la protection contres les décharges électrostatiques Risque d’endommagement des composants électroniques Afin d’éviter la détérioration de composants électroniques, l’appareil ne doit être utilisé que sur un poste de travail protégé contre les décharges électrostatiques (ESD). Bracelet et câble Câble de mise à...
  • Page 50 Safety Instructions - Informaciones de seguridad Safety Instructions for Active Voltage Probes When handling active voltage probes, the following basic rules must be observed. Prior to using an active voltage probe, read the applicable manual including the safety instructions. Keep the safety instructions and the product documentation in a safe place and pass them on to other users.
  • Page 51 Safety Instructions - Informaciones de seguridad Informaciones de seguridad para el uso de sondas de voltaje activas A la hora de manejar una sonda de voltaje activa, es necesario seguir las siguientes instrucciones de uso básicas. Lea primero el manual de manejo correspondiente incluyendo las instrucciones de seguridad.
  • Page 52 Sicherheitshinweise Sicherheitshinweise für aktive Tastköpfe Beachten Sie beim Umgang mit einem aktiven Tastkopf die folgenden, grundsätzlichen Verhaltensregeln. Lesen Sie zuerst das dazugehörige Handbuch inklusive der Sicher- heitshinweise. Bewahren Sie die Sicherheitshinweise und die Produktdokumentation gut auf und geben Sie diese an weitere Benutzer des Produkts weiter. Verwenden Sie den Tastkopf nur innerhalb der im Datenblatt spezifizierten Messbereiche.
  • Page 53 Consignes de sécurité Consignes de sécurité pour sondes actives Les consignes de base indiquées ci-dessous doivent être observées lors de toute manipulation de sondes actives. Avant d’utiliser de telles sondes, lisez d’abord le manuel et plus particulièrement les consignes de sécurité les concernant. Conservez ces consignes de sécurité...
  • Page 54 Customer Support Technical support – where and when you need it For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde &...

  • Page 55: Table Des Matières

    ® Contents R&S RT-ZD40 Contents 1 Product Description.............. 5 1.1 Key Features and Key Characteristics..........5 1.1.1 Key Characteristics................. 5 1.1.2 Key Features...................6 1.2 Unpacking the Instrument..............7 1.2.1 Inspecting the Contents................7 1.3 Description of the Probe..............8 1.3.1 Probe Head.....................8 1.3.2 Probe Box....................
  • Page 56 ® Contents R&S RT-ZD40 4 Characteristics of Differential Probes....... 28 4.1 Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)...........29 4.2 Dynamic Range and Operating Voltage Window......30 4.3 Maximum Non-Destructive Input Voltage......... 31 4.4 Ground Connection................31 5 Measurement Principles............. 33 5.1 Signal Integrity of the Transferred Signal........35 5.1.1 Bandwidth.....................

  • Page 57: Product Description

    Product Description Key Features and Key Characteristics The R&S RT-ZD40 is a differential probe with high input impedance. It allows the user to make differential voltage measurements from DC to 4.5 GHz. Differential probes can be used for single-ended and differential applications.

  • Page 58: Key Features

    (differential input) 10 V AC (Vpp) Operating voltage window ±8 V with ±22 V common mode offset capability (each pin to GND) available for R&S RT-ZD40 probes with serial number ≥ 200000 Diff. input resistance 1 MΩ Diff. input capacitance 0.4 pF...

  • Page 59: Unpacking The Instrument

    Rohde & Schwarz service center. Keep the package and cushioning material for inspection. ● Inspect the probe. If there is any damage or defect, or if the R&S RT-ZD40 differential probe does not operate properly, notify your Rohde & Schwarz service center. ● Inspect the accessories.

  • Page 60: Description Of The Probe

    (160 mil). Special accessories for signal sockets The signal sockets of R&S RT-ZD40 have a special design to ensure opti- mal performance. The signal sockets are not compatible to standard acces- sories based on 0.64 mm (25 mil) square pins or 0.8 mm (35 mil) round pins.

  • Page 61: Probe Box

    ® Product Description R&S RT-ZD40 Description of the Probe 1.3.2 Probe Box The probe box connects the probe and the oscilloscope via the Rohde & Schwarz probe interface. The Rohde & Schwarz probe interface contains a male precision 7 mm (276 mil) BNC connector and six pogo pin connectors. This interface pro- vides the required supply voltage and is also used for simultaneously transmitting analog signals and digital data.

  • Page 62: Accessories And Items

    ® Product Description R&S RT-ZD40 Accessories and Items Accessories and Items The figure below shows all accessories that are available for the R&S RT-ZD40 differential probe. Fig. 1-1: Available accessories User Manual 1410.5363.02 ─ 03...

  • Page 63: Accessories Supplied

    ® Product Description R&S RT-ZD40 Accessories and Items 1.4.1 Accessories Supplied The following table shows the accessories supplied with the R&S RT-ZD40 differ- ential probe. Table 1-1: Accessories supplied Item Quantity Description Signal pin, solder-in Socket adapter, variable spacing Browser adapter, rigid...

  • Page 64: Optional Accessories

    ® Product Description R&S RT-ZD40 Accessories and Items Item Quantity Description Micro clip Marker band kit Carrying case with foam inlay 1.4.2 Optional Accessories If the included accessories do not meet individual customer requirements, Rohde & Schwarz offers different accessory sets for sale.

  • Page 65: Service Accessories

    ‑ ZK2 service kit Table 1-7: R&S RT The R&S RT‑ZK2 service kit is used for calibrating the R&S RT-ZD40 differential probe, for making per- formance tests and for servicing. The service kit includes all adapters and accessories to connect the probe to the required measuring instruments.

  • Page 66: Putting Into Operation

    RT-ZD40 Putting into Operation The R&S RT-ZD40 differential probe has been designed to withstand a moderate amount of physical and electrical stress. You should treat the probe with care. It can be damaged if excessive force is applied to the probe tip.

  • Page 67: Installation

    The following two methods of ESD protection may be used together or sep- arately: ● Wrist strap with cord to ground connection ● Conductive floor mat and heel strap combination Installation This section provides a quick introduction to the use of the R&S RT-ZD40 differ- ential probe. User Manual 1410.5363.02 ─ 03...

  • Page 68: Connecting The Probe To The R&S Rtx Oscilloscope

    2.1.1 Connecting the Probe to the R&S RTx Oscilloscope The R&S RT-ZD40 differential probe has been designed for use with R&S RTx oscilloscopes. ► Connect the probe box (1) to the Rohde & Schwarz probe interface of the base unit (2).

  • Page 69: Autozero

    ® Putting into Operation R&S RT-ZD40 Installation As soon as the probe is connected to the oscilloscope and the settings are adjus- ted, the waveform is shown for the channel to which the probe is connected. To display probe-specific information and parameters: 1.

  • Page 70: Micro Button

    "User Manual" of the R&S oscilloscope. Offset Compensation The R&S RT-ZD40 features two offset compensation functions: a differential off- set compensation and a common mode offset compensation. Each function com- pensates a particular DC component of the input signal, even in front of the active amplifier in the probe tip.
  • Page 71 ® Putting into Operation R&S RT-ZD40 Offset Compensation Fig. 2-2: Differential offset compensation for a single-ended measurement (negative input ‑ ZD10/20/30 connected to ground) using an R&S RT To set the differential offset compensation on the front panel 1. Press the Vertical Position knob until the "Offset" setup is shown on the dis- play.

  • Page 72: Common Mode Offset

    Fig. 2-3: Common mode (CM) offset compensation for a differential measurement If the input signals fit into the operating voltage window of the R&S RT-ZD40, it is not necessary to set a common mode offset compensation.

  • Page 73: R&S Probemeter

    R&S RT-ZD40 R&S ProbeMeter The R&S RT-ZD40 measures only differential input signals. Common mode signals are suppressed by the probe. Therefore, the common mode offset compensation is not directly visible on the oscilloscope screen, see also chapter 4.2, "Dynamic Range and Operating Voltage Window",...
  • Page 74 ® Putting into Operation R&S RT-ZD40 R&S ProbeMeter ● Provides a simple means of setting the oscilloscope's trigger level and vertical scaling if a waveform is not visible. ● Offers a unique way to detect unexpected or inadmissible common mode vol- tages, e.g.

  • Page 75: Connecting The Probe To The Dut

    ® Connecting the Probe to the DUT R&S RT-ZD40 Connecting the Probe to the DUT This chapter describes the different ways of connecting the probe to the DUT. In addition, the accessories supplied are described and their use is explained.
  • Page 76 ® Connecting the Probe to the DUT R&S RT-ZD40 Adapters To insert and adjust the adapters The socket and browser adapters each consist of two separate parts: a red one for the posi- tive socket, and the blue part for the negative socket.
  • Page 77 ® Connecting the Probe to the DUT R&S RT-ZD40 Browser adapter, rigid and spring-loaded The browser adapter allows handheld probing with maximum convenience. Because it com- pensates for minor unevenness and move- ments, it can establish a firm contact to the test point.
  • Page 78 ® Connecting the Probe to the DUT R&S RT-ZD40 Mini clip The mini clip is designed for probing large IC pins, wires and through-hole components. The mini clip is connected to the ground socket using a lead, or it is connected to the signal sockets using the socket adapter and a lead.
  • Page 79 ® Connecting the Probe to the DUT R&S RT-ZD40 Micro clip The micro clip is designed for probing IC pins and thin wires in fine-pitch applications. The micro clip is connected to the ground socket using a lead, or it is connected to the signal sockets using the socket adapter directly or using a lead.

  • Page 80: Characteristics Of Differential Probes

    ® Characteristics of Differential Probes R&S RT-ZD40 Characteristics of Differential Probes A differential probe has three sockets: the positive signal socket (+), the negative signal socket (-), and the ground socket. Fig. 4-1: Input voltages on a differential probe Multiple input voltages can be defined for a differential probe: ●...

  • Page 81: Common Mode Rejection Ratio (Cmrr)

    ® Characteristics of Differential Probes R&S RT-ZD40 Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) The output voltage V , which is displayed on the base unit, is generally obtained by superimposing the voltages generated from the differential mode input voltage and from the common mode input voltage: ...

  • Page 82: Dynamic Range And Operating Voltage Window

    ® Characteristics of Differential Probes R&S RT-ZD40 Dynamic Range and Operating Voltage Window ● Probing on ground-referenced signals. In this case, the common mode com- ponent is always equal to half of the input voltage. Dynamic Range and Operating Voltage Window...

  • Page 83: Maximum Non-Destructive Input Voltage

    ® Characteristics of Differential Probes R&S RT-ZD40 Maximum Non-Destructive Input Voltage Signal clipping Only differential input signals are detected by the probe and displayed by the base unit. Common mode signals are suppressed by the probe. There- fore, the user does not initially recognize that the operating voltage window is exceeded owing to inadmissible common mode voltages.
  • Page 84 ® Characteristics of Differential Probes R&S RT-ZD40 Ground Connection age window of the probe being exceeded. In this case, the probe ground should be connected to the DUT ground. The ground connection can also affect the CMRR of the probe. Problems with unwanted common mode signals can often be improved by adding a ground con- nection.

  • Page 85: Measurement Principles

    R&S RT-ZD40 Measurement Principles The R&S RT-ZD40 differential probe provides an electrical connection between the DUT and the oscilloscope. The probe transfers the voltage of the electrical signal tapped off the DUT to the oscilloscope, where it is displayed graphically.
  • Page 86 ® Measurement Principles R&S RT-ZD40 Fig. 5-1: Equivalent circuit model of the R&S RT-ZD40 probe Table 5-1: Designations Abbreviation Description Differential voltage between the test point without probe connected Differential voltage at the test point with probe connected, corre- sponds to the input voltage of the probe...

  • Page 87: Signal Integrity Of The Transferred Signal

    The following explanations refer to the probe itself, but can also be applied to the entire system. Fig. 5-2: Amplitude frequency response of the R&S RT-ZD40 The bandwidth ● Specifies the maximum frequency at which a purely sinusoidal signal is still transferred at 70 % (–3 dB) of its amplitude.

  • Page 88: Connection Inductance

    The figure 5-2 shows the typical amplitude fre- quency response of an R&S RT-ZD40 differential probe. All frequency compo- nents are transferred with the same gain so that the input signal is displayed with- out distortion.
  • Page 89 DUT as well as the associated connection inductance L . The table also includes typ- ical bandwidth values, rise time values, and the step responses for each connec- tion in conjunction with an R&S RT-ZD40. User Manual 1410.5363.02 ─ 03...
  • Page 90 ® Measurement Principles R&S RT-ZD40 Signal Integrity of the Transferred Signal User Manual 1410.5363.02 ─ 03...

  • Page 91: Cmrr

    CMRR. To achieve the best possible CMRR, the con- nection to the DUT should always be as symmetrical as possible. Fig. 5-5: Typical CMRR of the R&S RT-ZD40 probe as a function of frequency Signal Loading of the Input Signal The previous section explained the transfer function and step response of the probe.

  • Page 92: Signal Loading For Differential Input Signals

    5-6. Fig. 5-6: Magnitude of the differential input impedance of the R&S RT-ZD40 probe as a function of frequency The differential input impedance varies greatly versus the frequency and is defined by the following values: ●...
  • Page 93 The resulting loading of a step signal at the input of the probe is shown in fig- 5-7. Fig. 5-7: Signal loading caused by the R&S RT-ZD40 probe User Manual 1410.5363.02 ─ 03...

  • Page 94: Signal Loading For Non-Differential Input Signals

    (e.g. 10 kΩ for con- ventional fail-safe circuits). While the input resistance achieved for common mode voltages with the R&S RT-ZD40 differential probe remains sufficiently high, probes with lower input resistances can lead to unfavorable loading effects.
  • Page 95 ® Measurement Principles R&S RT-ZD40 Probing Philosophy This has resulted in a difference of opinion as to which of the following two sig- nals should be output by the probe: 1. The initial signal that is not loaded by the probe (V ) and that corresponds to the signal at the test point without the probe being connected.

  • Page 96: Maintenance And Service

    Rohde & Schwarz service center. Return a defective probe to the Rohde & Schwarz service center for diagnosis and exchange. You can return the R&S RT-ZD40 differential probe for calibration. The service personnel will perform the required tests. Returning the Probe for Servicing Use the original packaging to return your Rohde &...

  • Page 97: Cleaning

    Never use cleaning agents such as solvents (thinners, acetone, etc.), acids, bases or other substances Calibration Interval The recommended calibration interval for R&S RT-ZD40 differential probe is two years. For servicing, send the probe to your nearest Rohde & Schwarz service center (see chapter 6.2, "Returning the Probe for...

  • Page 98: Functional Check

    To verify compliance with the probe specifications, it is necessary to run an inde- pendent performance test. This test is described in detail in the R&S RT-ZD40 service manual. The performance test also requires the R&S RT‑ZK2 service kit.

  • Page 99: Initialization

    "Vertical" menu > "Probe Setup" > "Ch1" tab Measurement: If initialization is correct, the following values are displayed on the "Setup" tab of the "Probes" dialog box for the R&S RT-ZD40: Type: active differential Name: R&S RT-ZD40 Probe attenuation: 10:1 Bandwidth: 4.5 GHz...

  • Page 100: Dc Offset

    ® Functional Check R&S RT-ZD40 DC Offset DC Offset The zero error of the probe-oscilloscope system and the zero error of the R&S ProbeMeter are checked. ● Test setup: Probe connected to CH1 of the R&S RTO oscilloscope ● Signal and ground terminal of the probe shortened by mini clip using leads and socket adapter.

  • Page 101: Dc Accuracy

    ® Functional Check R&S RT-ZD40 DC Accuracy DC Accuracy The gain of the probe-oscilloscope system and the accuracy of the integrated DC voltmeter are checked. ● Test setup: Probe connected to CH1 of the R&S RTO oscilloscope ● INPUT HI/LO of the DMM connected to OUTPUT HI/LO of the DC voltage source by banana leads ●...

  • Page 102: Offset Compensation

    ® Functional Check R&S RT-ZD40 Offset Compensation ● Measurement: Set the voltage on the DC voltage source so that the DMM displays exactly +5.000 V ● Check displayed values in the "Measurement Results" box: Mean: +5 V ± 250 mV ProbeMeter: +5 V ±...

  • Page 103: Index

    ® Index R&S RT-ZD40 Index Accessories ..........11 Leads ............12 AutoZero ..........17 Loading ............39 Bandwidth ..........6, 35 Maintenance ..........44 Micro button .........6, 18 Cleaning ..........45 Clipping ........... 31 N/USB adapter ........13 Clips ............12 CMRR ..........29, 39 Common mode input voltage ....
  • Page 104 ® Index R&S RT-ZD40 Using accessories Adapter ..........24 Browser adapter ......... 25 Leads ..........25 Micro clip ..........27 Mini clip ..........26 Signal pins .......... 23 User Manual 1410.5363.02 ─ 03...

Table des Matières